June 25
1630—Governor Winthrop introduced the fork to American dining.
The custom was to eat with your sharp knife or hands.
http://www.caer-galen.outlands.sca.org/fork_1096.html
1749 - A general fast was called on account of drought in Massachusetts. It was the year of the famous dry spring in which fields and villages burned.
1788-Virginia became the 10th state to ratify the Constitution. Jamestown, was the first permanent English settlement in North America, The state, also known as Old Dominion, was named after the "Virgin Queen", Elizabeth I of England. Virginia and its capital, Richmond, have played major roles in American history. Like West Virginia, it names the cardinal as the state bird. The official state flower of Virginia is the flowering dogwood.
1825 -- Capture of Bob Forbes, leader of the Maroons (blacks resisting slavery) in Virginia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_slavery
http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/
c8d8425243f3ef76a19afeb4da09e526.html
1844-President John Tyler married Julia Gardiner, daughter of a New York State Senator, at the Church of the Ascension, New York City. He became the first president to be married in the White House. His first wife, Letita Christian Polk, whom he had married on March 29,1813, had died on September 10,1842, in the White House.
1862-Earlier this month, at Fair Oaks, Virginia, Confederate forces under General Joseph E. Johnston stalled the Union advance toward Richmond in General George B. McClellan's Peninsular campaign. Johnston was wounded at Fair Oaks and Robert E. Lee was then appointed commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia. He then launched a series of engagements on this date that became known as the Seven Days Campaign. Battles at Oak Grove, Gaine's Mill's, Garnett's Farm, Golding's Farm, Savage's Station, White Oak Swamp and finally Malvern Hill left more than 36,000 casualties on both sides. Despite losing the final assault at Malvern Hill, the Confederates under the leadership of General Lee succeeded in preventing the much larger Union army from taking Richmond.
http://library.thinkquest.org/3055/graphics/battles/7day.html
1862-First day of the seven-day battle at Oak Grove
http://www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/battles/va015.htm
1864-President Abraham Lincoln signs bill providing schools for Black children
1864-The Union Army facing mounds of pickets and bunkers decides to dig tunnels under this obstructions
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?cwar:20:./temp/~ammem_
2Rsj::displayType=1:m856sd=cwp:m856sf=4a39867:@@@
1868-Congress authorized government laborers a workday of eight hours, which was signed into law by President Andrew Johnson this day, providing, among other things, that “eight hours shall constitute a day's work for all laborers, workmen, and mechanics who may be employed by or on behalf of the Government of the Untied States.
1876-Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, leading military forces of more than 200 men, attacked an encampment of Sioux Indians led by Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse near Little Bighorn River, MT. Custer and 264 men of the Seventh Calvary were slaughtered in the brief battle (about two hours) of Little Bighorn. One horse, named Comanche, is said to have been the only survivor among Custer's forces. This brought more repression by both the US Army and Federal Government to the American Indians in the next fifty years. It was common to “ Remember Custer's Last Stand.” It was common for military commanders to attack the Indians out-numbered with firepower and from three directions. It is said one of his units halted in the three prong attack, and the other reacted by holding back and not proceeding with the long proved strategy, allowing the Indians to “divide and conquer.” He was considered an American hero. It was not until present time that he was considered an egoist trying to build his reputation in the military (very common in that day, and perhaps until recent times.) Military historians find no errors in the strategy of the attack, except for the execution (This is from accounts from interviews with the Indians, including scouts who were dismissed before the attack and watched the battle, plus papers and diaries from the soldiers. Other historians believe he should have waited
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun25.html
1886- birthday of Henry H. “Hap” Arnold, US general and commander of the Army Air Force in all theaters throughout WWII, Arnold was born at Gladwyne, PA. Although no funds were made available, as early as 1938 Arnold was persuading the US aviation industry to step up manufacturing of airplanes. Production grew from 6,000 to 262,000 per year from 1940—44. He supervised pilot training and by 1944 Air Force personnel strength had grown to two million from a prewar high of 21,000. Made a full general in 1944, he became the US Air Force's first five-star general when the Air Force was made a separate military branch equal to the Army and Navy. Arnold died Jan 15, 1950, at Sonoma, CA.
1874-birthday of Rose O'Neill, born at Wilkes-Barre, PA. Her career included work as an illustrator, author and doll designer, the later gaining her commercial success with the Kewpie Doll. In 1910, “
The Ladies Homes Journal” devoted a full page to her Kewpie Doll designs, which were a marketing phenomenon for three decades. Died at Springfield, MO, April 6, 1944.
1881-Birthday of Crystal Eastman –said to be one of the most influential and
“radical” U.S. women of her day. She was an attorney, feminist, labor reformer, peace advocate, birth control advocate, suffragist, and worker for women's financial equality in both the U.S. and England. She was active in the Political Equality League, Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, Women's Peace Party, the Feminist Congress, and a member of the famed Heterodoxy Club of New York.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAWeastman.htm
http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/386/ceastman.html
http://archive.aclu.org/library/eastman.html
1908-birthday of African-American Beatrice Murphy, editor and author. http://www.addall.com/Browse/Detail/0836960335.html
1910- The Mann Act was passed by the US Congress. It prohibited the transportation of females across state or internationally lines for immoral purposes. It was said to be an attempt to curb the huge "white slave" and prostitution business in the U.S. and the world. At the time it was estimated that there were more than 600 recognized houses of prostitution in Chicago alone. New Orleans was "closed" to naval personnel because of the number of brothels. But the situation was nothing new With the change from rural to city living caused by the industrial revolution, more and more women were on their own without family to help support them. It was said that women were “imported” for prostitution, however, the custom had been going on since France brought in French
prostitutes in the 17th century to marry French soldiers and settlers in Louisiana.
The most famous prosecutions under the law were those of Charlie Chaplin in 1944 and Chuck Berry in 1962, who took unmarried women across state lines for "immoral purposes." Chaplin was acquitted but left the country under FBI director J. Edgar Hoover's threats. Berry was convicted and spent two years in the prime of his musical career in jail. After Berry's conviction, the Mann Act was enforced only sparingly and was finally removed from the books in 1986.
1918-Birthday of Marion Alice Orr, member of the Canadian Aviation Hall of Fame. MAO was one of the most noted pilots for the RCAF in England during World War II. She ferried military planes - some terribly shot up and dangerous to fly - from landing strips to repair locations and back. Her flights always subject to German fighter interception as well as the dangers from the planes disintegrating in air. The women also flew planes that had made their regular night sorties over Germany from air fields close to the channel to safer locations to the west of England and then returned them to the eastern air bases that evening. A number of women who ferried the planes died. In Canada, she was the first woman to fly and instruct helicopters. For further information on this remarkable woman and other Canadian flyers, see
http:// www.schoolnet.ca/collections/aviation/
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/high_flyers/orr.htm
http://www.cahf.ca/members/O_members.htm
1925 - The mercury hit 101 degrees at Portland, OR, their earliest 100 degree reading of record.
1928-birthday of Bill Russo, jazz composer, arranger and trombonist, best known perhaps for playing with Stan Kenton, born Chicago, Il. While I was going to Julliard School of Music, I studied privately with him in New York. He was teaching me fundamentals of big band arranging, starting with six and seven chord harmonies. He died January, 2003, Chicago, Il.
http://centerstage.net/chicago/music/whoswho/WilliamRusso.html
http://www.suntimes.com/output/obituaries/cst-nws-xruss13.html
http://www.vosbein.com/russo.htm
http://www.colum.edu/oralhistory/Russo.PDF
http://www.jazzhope.com/obit_2003_01_11_William_Russo_Tribune.htm
http://www.bookcost.com/title/composing-music-a-new-approach
1925-birthday of accordion player Clifton Chewier, King of Zydeco, Opelousas,LA. Zydeco is the party music of the black Cajuns of Louisiana, and is a mixture of blues, French folk songs, country, R'n'B and rock 'n' roll. Chenier usually played an accordion and sang in a mixture of French and English. He often wore a jeweled crown on stage, and appeared at blues festivals and rock clubs all over North America. He was largely responsible for the popularity of zydeco outside his native Louisiana. Chenier, who was severely diabetic, died on December 12th, 1987, at the age of 62.
http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=B485gtq0ztu43~C
http://www.coldbacon.com/music/clifton.html
http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Bxt1uakjk5m3z~C
http://www.vosbein.com/russo.htm
1935-birthday of vocalist Eddie Floyd, Montgomery, Al
http://www.jsent.com/artists/eddiefloyd.html
http://www.history-of-rock.com/eddie_floyd.htm
http://covers.wiw.org/artist/Eddie+Floyd
1941-Glenn Miller records Adios on Bluebird.
1941-Fair Employment practices Commission established.
1941 - Joe DiMaggio ran his hitting streak to 45 straight games, with a home run off Boston's Heber Newsome. The ‘Yankee Clipper' broke the record set by Wee Willie Keeler in 1897.
1942-- Major General Dwight D. Eisenhower takes command of U.S. forces in Europe. Although Eisenhower had never seen combat during his 27 years as an army officer, his knowledge of military strategy and talent for organization were such that Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall chose him over nearly 400 senior officers to lead U.S. forces in the war against Germany. After proving himself on the battlefields of North Africa and Italy in 1942 and 1943, Eisenhower was appointed supreme commander of Operation Overlord--the Allied invasion of northwestern Europe
1944---Top Hits
I'll Be Seeing You - The Tommy Dorsey Orchestra (vocal: Frank Sinatra)
I'll Get By - The Harry James Orchestra (vocal: Dick Haymes)
Swinging on a Star/Going My Way - Bing Crosby
Straighten Up and Fly Right - King Cole Trio
1945- singer Carly Simon was born in New York City, the daughter of publishing magnate Richard Simon of Simon and Schuster. She began singing with her sister Lucy when the two were in college. Simon began her solo career in 1969, and hit the top 10 two years later with "That's the Way I've Always Heard It Should Be." In 1972, her recording of "You're So Vain," featuring a guest appearance by Mick Jagger, hit number one. That year she married James Taylor, and the two combined in 1974 for the hit single "Mockingbird," a remake of a '60s R'n'B success by Inez and Charlie Foxx. Carly Simon suffers from stage fright and rarely appears in concert. In 1981, she filed for divorce from Taylor.
1945- Robert Charlebois, one of Quebec's most influential pop singers, was born in Montreal. His first LP, in 1965, received a jury award for debut recordings at the Festival du Disque in France. In 1968, Charlebois represented Quebec at the Fifth International Festival of French Song, winning the grand prize with his composition, "Lindberg." A tour of France in 1969 was curtailed after a riotous performance at the Paris Olympia. Charlebois began a two-year sabbatical in 1974 after participating in a concert on the Plains of Abraham with Gilles Vigneault and Felix Leclerc. The historic gathering of the three men who shaped the tradition of the popular song in Quebec was televised by the CBC French network, and later broadcast in France. In the late '70s, Robert Charlebois began performing in a more relaxed style that had critics comparing him with Frank Sinatra and Yves Montand. It was a sharp change from the raucous image of his heyday.
1948-Boxer Joe Louis defended his heavyweight championship by knocking out Jersey Joe Walcott in the 11th round of a fight at Yankee Stadium. This was Louis's last title defense after which he retired.
1949 - Entertainer Fred Allen closed out his amazing radio career. Allen was making the transition to TV. His final radio guest was his old pal, Jack Benny. order. Benny went on to become a television legend Allen's caustic wit didn't play well on TV and he found himself out of the medium in short time.
1950-The Korean War (1950-1953) began when North Korean forces launched an invasion across the 38th parallel into South Korea. The UN ordered an immediate cease-fire and withdrawal of invading forces. . US ground forces entered the conflict June 30. An armistice was signed at Panmunjom July 27,1953, formally dividing the country into two---North Korea and South Korea.
1951-CBS broadcast the first color television program on June 25, 1951. The program was strictly experimental, as no viewers had color televisions at the time: The four- hour program could only be viewed on the forty color television sets at CBS. The first all-color station, WNBQ-TV in Chicago, began showing color programs on November 3, 1955, and switched to color entirely, even for local programs, by April 15, 1956.
1952---Top Hits
Kiss of Fire - Georgia Gibbs
I'm Yours - Don Cornell
Be Anything - Eddy Howard
The Wild Side of Life - Hank Thompson
1953 - The temperature at Anchorage soared to 86 degrees, their hottest reading of record.
1956 -- Beatster Jack Kerouac begins job training as a mountain firewatcher in Washington State. From July-September he's alone on Desolation Peak in the Cascade Mountains watching for fires. In September, after 60+ days of solitude Kerouac comes down from the mountain & travels to Seattle. From here he heads to Mexico City, rents a one-room apartment above Bill Garver on Orizaba Street, during September-November, where he completes Tristessa & begins writing Desolation Angels.
1959 - CBS journalist Edward R. Murrow interviewed his 500th -- and final -- guest on "Person to Person": actress Lee Remick. Just hours before this final broadcast, Murrow had presented his last news broadcast on the CBS radio network. CBS-TV had reportedly made $20 million from Murrow's "Person to Person" series.
1960---Top Hits
Cathy's Clown - The Everly Brothers
Everybody's Somebody's Fool - Connie Francis
Swingin' School - Bobby Rydell
Please Help Me, I'm Falling - Hank Locklin
1961 - Pat Boone spent this day at number one for one last time with "Moody River". Boone, a teen heart-throb in the 1950s, had previously walked his way up the music charts, wearing white buck shoes, of course, with these other hits: "Ain't That a Shame", "I Almost Lost My Mind", "Don't Forbid Me", "Love Letters in the Sand" and "April Love
1962- the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a prayer read aloud in public schools violated the 1st Amendment's separation of church and state. The court again struck down a law pertaining to the First Amendment when it disallowed an Alabama law that permitted a daily one-minute period of silent mediation or prayer in public schools in 1985. This decision has been seen by each new Supreme court and is considered a quite a controversy to this day.
1964 - "A Hard Day's Night" was released by United Artists Records. The album featured all original material by The Beatles and became the top album in the country by July 25, 1964.
1965 - "Mr. Tambourine Man", by The Byrds, reached the number one spot on the pop music charts. The song was considered by many to be the first folk-rock hit. The tune was written by Bob Dylan, as were two other hits for the group: "All I Really Want to Do" and "My Back Pages". The group of James Roger McGinn, David Crosby, Gene Clark, Chris Hillman and Mike Clarke charted seven hits. The Byrds were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991.
1996- American Airlines announced its Internet ticket purchasing system was ready for prime time. The airline also said it would introduce ticketless travel in September, “freeing its customers from worry about losing their airline tickets.” Eventually
ticket agents would lose their minor commission, too, as the airlines learned
they could oversell airplane seats easier via the computer.
1967-the first worldwide live television program was “our World,” shown in 26 countries via four satellites. The two-hour production involved 10,000 technicians and 300 cameras in 14 countries on five continents. It opened with glimpses of births in Mexico, Canada, Denmark, and Japan. The rest of the program featured clips of Leonard Bernstein and Van Cliburn rehearsing a Rachmaninoff concerto at New York City's Lincoln Center, the Beatles recording a song in London, a rehearsal of Lohengrin in Bayreuth, Germany, the making of a movie in Italy, and other presentations. The American outlet was the National Education Television network. The program cost about $5 million.
1968---Top Hits
This Guy's in Love with You - Herb Alpert
MacArthur Park - Richard Harris
The Look of Love - Sergio Mendes & Brazil '66
Honey - Bobby Goldsboro
1968 -- The Doors, Lonnie Mack, Elvin Bishop Group at the Cow Palace.
1968---San Francisco Giant Bobby Bonds ( not Barry ) hits a grand slam in his firstmajor league game
1969-Pancho Gonzalez and Charlie Pasarell played the longest match in Wimbledon history. After 112 games and 5 hours, 12 minutes, Gonzales emerged triumphant.
1976---Top Hits
Silly Love Songs - Wings
Get Up and Boogie (That's Right) - Silver Convention
Misty Blue - Dorthy Moore
El Paso City - Marty Robbins
1976 - The CN Tower opened in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. At 1,815 feet, 5 inches high, the tower is the world's tallest building and the tallest freestanding structure.
1978- In response to the passage of an anti-gay ordinance in Miami, 240,000 people march in San Francisco in the first large-scale version of that city's annual Gay Freedom Day Parade.
1979 - Muhammad Ali announced that he was retiring as world heavyweight boxing champion. The 37-year-old fighter said, “Everything gets old, and you can't go on like years ago.” The “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee” act was no more.
1984---Top Hits
The Reflex - Duran Duran
Dancing in the Dark - Bruce Springsteen
Self Control - Laura Branigan
When We Make Love – Alabama
1987 - “Just the facts, ma'am. Thank you.” "Dragnet", starring Dan Aykroyd in the Jack Webb role of Sgt. Joe Friday; and Tom Hanks in the Harry Morgan role of detective Stribeck, opened around the U.S. The movie became the first Hollywood film to feature a "condom-conscious" bedroom scene ... just right for the social mores of the 1980s. "Dragnet" was a smash theatrical hit, as it had been on radio and TV in the 1940s and 1950s. “This is the city...”
1987 - Afternoon highs of 97 degrees at Miami, FL, 107 degrees at Medford, OR, and 111 degrees at Redding CA were new records for the date. It was the third of six straight days of record heat for Miami. Thunderstorms produced wind gusts to 70 mph at Austin, and gusts to 75 mph at Tulsa OK.
1988---Top Hits
Dirty Diana- Michael Jackson
Foolish Beat- Debbie Gibson
The Flame- Cheap Trick
Make It Real- The Jets
1988 - Fifty-two cities in the central and eastern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date. Highs of 100 degrees at Erie, PA, and 104 degrees at Cleveland OH established all- time records for those two locations. Highs of 101 degrees at Flint, MI, 105 degrees at Chicago, IL, and 106 degrees at Fort Wayne, IN, equalled all-time records. Thunderstorms in Idaho produced wind gusts to 100 mph west of Bliss and north of Crouch, injuring 29 persons.
1990 - "The Arizona Republic" reported it was 122 degrees in Phoenix, hot enough to cancel some flights at the airport.
1990-In the case of Cruzan v Missouri, the Supreme Court, in a 5-4 ruling, upheld the constitutional right of a person whose wishes are clearly known to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment.
1992- Twenty-five years after leaving high school, Billy Joel gets his diploma. In 1967, the piano man had overslept and missed his English and Gym finals.
1993- Bruce Springsteen was a surprise guest on David Letterman's final show as host of NBC's "Late Night." Letterman, after more than 11 years at NBC, began a similar show on CBS two months later. David Letterman was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1947. From an early age, he aspired to host his own talk show. He became a stand-up comic and a wacky weatherman on a local TV station. After years on the stand-up comedy circuit, he made his first appearance on The Tonight Show in 1978 and served as the program's guest host 50 times. In 1980, Letterman had a short-lived morning variety show, The David Letterman Show, which won two Emmys.He launched his popular late-night TV show in 1982. His offbeat humor and goofy stunts spoofed traditional talk shows. Antics like wearing a Velcro suit and throwing himself at a wall or tossing eggs into a giant electric fan, Letterman gained a large following, especially among college students. Regular features included his "Top Ten List," "Stupid Pet Tricks," and tours of the neighborhood. He also frequently wandered with his camera into other NBC shows in progress. Over more than 11 years, the show won five Emmys and 35 nominations. When Carson announced his retirement in 1992, Letterman and rival comic Jay Leno engaged in a heated battle for the coveted host slot. When Letterman was passed over, he left NBC for CBS, where his new program, Late Show, outperformed Leno's show almost every week in its first year. However, Leno pulled ahead the following year and maintained a strong lead. Letterman underwent emergency heart surgery in 2000 and was off the show for five weeks. He is back on, funny than
ever, and that's where we get “Will it Float or Will it Sink?”
1993—Top Hits
That s The Way Love Goes, Janet Jackson
Weak- SWV
Knockin Da Boots- H-Town
Freak Me- Silk
1993- John Dean begins testimony before Senate Watergate Committee, perhaps the turn in the hearings as “Deep Throat” begins to talk to two reporters at the Washington Post.
1995- Andres Galarraga becomes the fourth player in big league history to hit a home run in three consecutive innings. The Rockies' first baseman accomplishment helps Colorado to beat the Padres at Jack Murphy Stadium, 11-3.
1996-- In Oakland, A's first baseman Mark McGwire hits his 300th career
home run off of Tiger hurler pitcher Omar Olivares.
1996-A truck bomb exploded near Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 19 American military personnel and wounding more than 300 people. Bombed was an apartment complex that housed about 2500 Americans. The CIA stated there were no solid clues about the identity of the perpetrators.
1997-The National Hockey League announced that it had granted expansion franchises to four cities: Nashville(to begin play in 1998-99), Atlanta(1999-2000), Minneapollis-St. Paul and Columbus(both 2000-2001). The Nashville team chose the nickname Predators. Atlanta, the Thrashers, the Twin Cities as the Minnesota Wild and Columbus as the Blue Jackets. At the same time, the league's Board of Governors approved the move of the Hartford Whalers to North Carolina where they became known as the Hurricanes.
1998—Top Hits
The Boy Is Mine- Brandy
You re Still The One- Shania Twain
Too Close- Next
My All- Mariah Carey
1998 - Windows 98 was released. Microsoft used the slogan, “Works better. Plays better.” The company said the new operating system would bring an “increased computer experience by providing a rich feature set for a wider variety of users than ever before.”
1998-- Cub Sammy Sosa breaks the major league record for homers in a month, hitting his 19th dinger in June passing the mark set by Tiger Rudy York in August of 1937.
1999 - The San Antonio Spurs earned their first NBA (National Basketball Association) title in their 26-year history by beating the New York Knicks 78-to-77. That gave the Spurs the series 4 games to 1.
2002—Top Hits
Hot In Herre-Nelly
Without Me,-Eminem
Foolish- Ashanti
I Need A Girl (Part One)- P. Diddy Featuring Usher & Loon
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